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HTML Roadmap

Building a solid foundation in HTML is the first step toward becoming a web developer. Think of HTML as the skeleton of a website—it provides the structure that CSS (the skin) and JavaScript (the brain) build upon.

Here is a comprehensive roadmap to take you from absolute beginner to an expert in structural markup.

Phase 1: The Fundamentals

Before writing complex code, you need to understand how the browser interprets a document.
  • The Document Structure: Learn the "Boilerplate" (<!DOCTYPE html>, <html>, <head> and <body>).
  • Text Basics: Master headings (<h1> - <h6>), paragraphs (<p>) and line breaks (<br>).
  • Lists: Organizing data with Ordered (<ol>) and Unordered (<ul>) lists.
  • Links and Images: Mastering the href and src attributes to connect pages and display visuals.

Phase 2: Working with Data & Structure

Once you can put text on a page, you need to learn how to organize information into complex layouts.

  • Tables: Understanding <table>, <tr>, <td> and <th>.
  • Attributes: Learning global attributes like id, class, title and lang.
  • Block vs. Inline: Understanding why some elements take up a whole line (like <div>) and others don't (like <span>) .
  • Comments: Learning how to leave notes in your code that the browser ignores.

Phase 3: Forms and User Input

Forms are how you interact with users. This is a critical skill for any developer.
  • Input Types: Text, password, checkbox, radio buttons, and file uploads.
  • Labels and Fieldsets: Making forms accessible and organized.
  • Form Actions: Understanding GET vs. POST methods and where data is sent.
  • Validation: Using the required attribute and pattern matching.

Phase 4: Semantic HTML & SEO

Modern HTML isn’t just about making things look right; it’s about making them meaningful for search engines and screen readers.
  • Semantic Tags: Moving away from "Div-soup" to use <header>, <nav>,<main>,<section>,<article> and <footer>.
  • Accessibility (A11y): Using alt text for images and ARIA roles.
  • Meta Tags: Optimizing the <head> for SEO (Search Engine Optimization) and social media sharing.

Phase 5: Multimedia & Graphics

HTML5 introduced powerful ways to handle media without third-party plugins.
  • Audio & Video: Embedding players directly with <audio> and <video>.
  • IFrames: Embedding external content like Google Maps or YouTube videos.
  • SVG & Canvas: The basics of drawing shapes and high-performance graphics.
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