Question-1 :-  (i) The order of the matrix,
(ii) The number of elements,
(iii) Write the elements a₁₃, a₂₁, a₃₃, a₂₄, a₂₃.

Solution :-

(i) In the given matrix, the number of rows is 3 and the number of columns is 4. 
    Therefore, the order of the matrix is 3 × 4.
(ii) Since the order of the matrix is 3 × 4, there are 3 × 4 = 12 elements in it.
(iii) a₁₃ = 19, a₂₁ = 35, a₃₃ = −5, a₂₄ = 12, a₂₃ = 5/2.
    

Question-2 :-  If a matrix has 24 elements, what are the possible orders it can have? What, if it has 13 elements?

Solution :-

  We know that if a matrix is of the order m × n, it has mn elements. 
  Thus, to find all the possible orders of a matrix having 24 elements, 
  we have to find all the ordered pairs of natural numbers whose product is 24.

  The ordered pairs are: (1, 24), (24, 1), (2, 12), (12, 2), (3, 8), (8, 3), (4, 6), and (6, 4)
  Hence, the possible orders of a matrix having 24 elements are: 
  1 × 24, 24 × 1, 2 × 12, 12 × 2, 3 × 8, 8 × 3, 4 × 6, and 6 × 4

  (1, 13) and (13, 1) are the ordered pairs of natural numbers whose product is 13. 
  Hence, the possible orders of a matrix having 13 elements are 1 × 13 and 13 × 1.

    

Question-3 :-  If a matrix has 18 elements, what are the possible orders it can have? What, if it has 5 elements?

Solution :-

  We know that if a matrix is of the order m × n, it has mn elements. 
  Thus, to find all the possible orders of a matrix having 18 elements,
  we have to find all the ordered pairs of natural numbers whose product is 18.

  The ordered pairs are: (1, 18), (18, 1), (2, 9), (9, 2), (3, 6,), and (6, 3)
  Hence, the possible orders of a matrix having 18 elements are: 
  1 × 18, 18 × 1, 2 × 9, 9 × 2, 3 × 6, and 6 × 3

  (1, 5) and (5, 1) are the ordered pairs of natural numbers whose product is 5.
  Hence, the possible orders of a matrix having 5 elements are 1 × 5 and 5 × 1.
    

Question-4 :-  Construct a 2 × 2 matrix, A = [aᵢⱼ], whose elements are given by:

Solution :-

(i) In general, a 2 × 2 matrix is given by
      
  aᵢⱼ = (i+j)²/2, i = 1, 2; j = 1, 2
  a₁₁ = (1+1)²/2 = 4/2 = 2
  a₁₂ = (1+2)²/2 = 9/2
  a₂₁ = (2+1)²/2 = 9/2
  a₂₂ = (2+2)²/2 = 16/2 = 8
     
    

(ii) In general, a 2 × 2 matrix is given by 
     
  aᵢⱼ = i/j, i = 1, 2; j = 1, 2
  a₁₁ = 1/1 = 1
  a₁₂ = 1/2
  a₂₁ = 2
  a₂₂ = 2/2 = 1        
     
    

(iii) In general, a 2 × 2 matrix is given by 
     
  aᵢⱼ = (i+2j)²/2, i = 1, 2; j = 1, 2
  a₁₁ = (1+2)²/2 = 9/2
  a₁₂ = (1+4)²/2 = 25/2
  a₂₁ = (2+2)²/2 = 8
  a₂₂ = (2+4)²/2 = 18      
     
    

Question-5 :-  Construct a 3 × 4 matrix, whose elements are given by:

Solution :-

(i) In general, a 3 × 4 matrix is given by
     
  aᵢⱼ = |-3i+j|/2, i = 1, 2, 3, 4; j = 1, 2, 3
  a₁₁ = |-3+1|/2 = 1
  a₁₂ = |-3+2|/2 = 1/2
  a₁₃ = |-3+3|/2 = 0
  a₁₄ = |-3+4|/2 = 1/2
  a₂₁ = |-6+1|/2 = 5/2
  a₂₂ = |-6+2|/2 = 2 
  a₂₃ = |-6+3|/2 = 3/2
  a₂₄ = |-6+4|/2 = 1
  a₃₁ = |-9+1|/2 = 4
  a₃₂ = |-9+2|/2 = 7/2
  a₃₃ = |-9+3|/2 = 3
  a₃₄ = |-9+4|/2 = 5/2        
     
    

(ii) In general, a 3 × 4 matrix is given by
      
  aᵢⱼ = 2i-j, i = 1, 2, 3, 4; j = 1, 2, 3
  a₁₁ = 2 - 1 = 1
  a₁₂ = 2 - 2 = 0
  a₁₃ = 2 - 3 = -1
  a₁₄ = 2 - 4 = -2
  a₂₁ = 4 - 1 = 3
  a₂₂ = 4 - 2 = 2   
  a₂₃ = 4 - 3 = 1
  a₂₄ = 4 - 4 = 0
  a₃₁ = 6 - 1 = 5
  a₃₂ = 6 - 2 = 4
  a₃₃ = 6 - 3 = 3
  a₃₄ = 6 - 4 = 2       
      
    

Question-6 :-  Find the values of x, y and z from the following equations:

Solution :-

(i)   
    

(ii)   
    

(iii)   
    

Question-7 :-  Find the value of a, b, c and d from the equation:

Solution :-

Question-8 :-  A = [aᵢⱼ]m × n is a square matrix, if
(A) m < n   (B) m > n   (C) m = n   (D) None of these

Solution :-

  It is known that a given matrix is said to be a square matrix if the number of rows is equal to the number of columns.
  Therefore, A = [aᵢⱼ]m x n is a square matrix, if m = n.
  The correct answer is C.
    

Question-9 :-  Which of the given values of x and y make the following pair of matrices equal (A) x = -1/3, y = 7   (B) Not possible to find   (C) y = 7, x = -2/3   (D) x = 1/3, y = 2/3

Solution :-

  
  We find that on comparing the corresponding elements of the two matrices, 
  we get twodifferent values of x, which is not possible.
  Hence, it is not possible to find the values of x and y for which the given matrices are equal.
  The correct answer is B.
    

Question-10 :-  The number of all possible matrices of order 3 × 3 with each entry 0 or 1 is:
(A) 27   (B) 18   (C) 81   (D) 512

Solution :-

  The given matrix of the order 3 × 3 has 9 elements and each of these elements can be either 0 or 1.
  Now, each of the 9 elements can be filled in two possible ways.
  Therefore, by the multiplication principle, the required number of possible matrices is 29 = 512
  The correct answer is D.