Question-1 :- Express each number as product of its prime factors:
(i) 140, (ii) 156, (iii) 3825, (iv) 5005, (v) 7429
(i) Prime factors of 140 = 2 x 2 x 5 x 7 = 2² x 5 x 7 (ii) Prime factors of 156 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 13 = 2² x 3 x 13 (iii) Prime factors of 3825 = 3 x 3 x 5 x 5 x 17 = 3² x 5² x 17 (iv) Prime factors of 5005 = 5 x 7 x 11 x 13 (v) Prime factors of 7429 = 17 x 19 x 23
Question-2 :- Find the LCM and HCF of the following pairs of integers and verify that LCM × HCF = product of the two numbers.
(i) 26 and 91, (ii) 510 and 92, (iii) 336 and 54
(i) 26 and 91 Factor of 26 = 2 x 13 Factor of 91 = 7 x 13 HCF (26,91) = 13 LCM (26,91) = 2 x 7 x 13 = 182 Product of (26,91) = 26 x 91 = 2366 HCF x LCM = 13 x 182 = 2366 (ii) 510 and 92 Factor of 510 = 2 x 3 x 5 x 17 Factor of 92 = 2 x 2 x 23 HCF (510,92) = 2 LCM (510,92) = 2 x 2 x 3 x 5 x 17 x 23 = 23460 Product of (510,92) = 510 x 92 = 46920 HCF x LCM = 2 x 23460 = 46920 (iii)336 and 54 Factor of 336 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 7 Factor of 54 = 2 x 3 x 3 x 3 HCF (336,54) = 2 x 3 = 6 LCM (336,54) = 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 3 x 7 = 3024 Product of (336,54) = 336 x 54 = 18144 HCF x LCM = 6 x 3024 = 18144
Question-3 :- Find the LCM and HCF of the following integers by applying the prime factorisation method.
(i) 12, 15 and 21, (ii) 17, 23 and 29, (iii) 8, 9 and 25
(i) 12, 15 and 21 Factor of 12 = 2 x 2 x 3 Factor of 15 = 3 x 5 Factor of 21 = 3 x 7 HCF (12, 15, 21) = 3 LCM (12, 15, 21) = 2 x 2 x 3 x 5 x 7 = 420 Product of (12, 15, 21) = 12 x 15 x 21 = 1260 HCF x LCM = 3 x 420 = 1260 (ii) 17, 23 and 29 Factor of 17 = 17 Factor of 23 = 23 Factor of 29 = 29 HCF (17, 23, 29) = 1 LCM (17, 23, 29) = 17 x 23 x 29 = 11339 Product of (17, 23, 29) = 17 x 23 x 29 = 11339 HCF x LCM = 1 x 3055 = 11339 (iii)8, 9 and 25 Factor of 8 = 2 x 2 x 2 Factor of 9 = 3 x 3 Factor of 25 = 5 x 5 HCF (8, 9, 25) = 1 LCM (8, 9, 25) = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 3 x 5 x 5 = 1800 Product of (8, 9, 25) = 8 x 9 x 25 = 1800 HCF x LCM = 1 x 1800 = 1800
Question-4 :- Given that HCF (306, 657) = 9, find LCM (306, 657).
Solution :-HCF (306, 657) = 9 HCF x LCM = 306 x 657 9 x LCM = 306 x 657 LCM = (306 x 657)/9 LCM = 22338
Question-5 :- Check whether 6ⁿ can end with the digit 0 for any natural number n.
Solution :-If any number ends with the digit 0, it should be divisible by 10 or in other words, it will also be divisible by 2 and 5 as 10 = 2 × 5 Prime factorisation of 6ⁿ = (2 ×3)ⁿ It can be observed that 5 is not in the prime factorisation of 6ⁿ. Hence, for any value of n, 6ⁿ will not be divisible by 5. Therefore, 6ⁿ cannot end with the digit 0 for any natural number n.
Question-6 :- Explain why 7 × 11 × 13 + 13 and 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 + 5 are composite numbers.
Solution :-Numbers are of two types - prime and composite. Prime numbers can be divided by 1 and only itself, whereas composite numbers have factors other than 1 and itself. It can be observed that 7 × 11 × 13 + 13 = 13 × (7 × 11 + 1) = 13 × (77 + 1) = 13 × 78 = 13 ×13 × 6 The given expression has 6 and 13 as its factors. Therefore, it is a composite number. 7 × 6 × 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 + 5 = 5 ×(7 × 6 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1 + 1) = 5 × (1008 + 1) = 5 ×1009 1009 cannot be factorised further. Therefore, the given expression has 5 and 1009 as its factors. Hence, it is a composite number.
Question-7 :- There is a circular path around a sports field. Sonia takes 18 minutes to drive one round of the field, while Ravi takes 12 minutes for the same. Suppose they both start at the same point and at the same time, and go in the same direction. After how many minutes will they meet again at the starting point?
Solution :-It can be observed that Ravi takes lesser time than Sonia for completing 1 round of the circular path. As they are going in the same direction, they will meet again at the same time when Ravi will have completed 1 round of that circular path with respect to Sonia. And the total time taken for completing this 1 round of circular path will be the LCM of time taken by Sonia and Ravi for completing 1 round of circular path respectively i.e., LCM of 18 minutes and 12 minutes. 18 = 2 × 3 × 3 And, 12 = 2 × 2 × 3 LCM of 12 and 18 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 = 36 Therefore, Ravi and Sonia will meet together at the starting pointafter 36 minutes.